Manual Chapter : Global Server Load Balancing

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BIG-IP DNS

  • 14.1.3, 14.1.2, 14.1.0
Manual Chapter

Global Server Load Balancing

Introducing BIG-IP DNS

BIG-IP® DNS (formerly GTM) is a system that monitors the availability and performance of global resources and uses that information to manage network traffic patterns. BIG-IP DNS uses load balancing algorithms, topology-based routing, and iRules® to control and distribute traffic according to specific policies.

About global server load balancing

BIG-IP DNS provides tiered global server load balancing (GSLB). BIG-IP DNS distributes DNS name resolution requests, first to the best available pool in a wide IP, and then to the best available virtual server within that pool. BIG-IP DNS selects the best available resource using either a static or a dynamic load balancing method. Using a static load balancing method, BIG-IP DNS selects a resource based on a pre-defined pattern. Using a dynamic load balancing method, BIG-IP DNS selects a resource based on current performance metrics collected by the
big3d
agents running in each data center.

Static load balancing methods

This table describes the static load balancing methods available in BIG-IP DNS.
Name
Description
Recommended Use
Wide IP Load Balancing
Preferred Method
Alternate Method
Fallback Method
Drop Packet
BIG-IP DNS drops the DNS request.
Use
Drop Packet
for the
Alternate
load balancing method when you want to ensure that BIG-IP DNS does not offer in a response a virtual server that is potentially unavailable.
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Fallback IP
BIG-IP DNS distributes DNS name resolution requests to a virtual server that you specify. This virtual server is not monitored for availability.
Use
Fallback IP
for the fallback load balancing method when you want BIG-IP DNS to return a disaster recovery site when the preferred and alternate load balancing methods do not return an available virtual server.
No
No
No
Yes
Global Availability
BIG-IP DNS distributes DNS name resolution requests to the first available virtual server in a pool. BIG-IP DNS starts at the top of a manually configured list of virtual servers and sends requests to the first available virtual server in the list. Only when the virtual server becomes unavailable does BIG-IP DNS send requests to the next virtual server in the list. Over time, the first virtual server in the list receives the most requests and the last virtual server in the list receives the least requests.
Use
Global Availability
when you have specific virtual servers that you want to handle most of the requests.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
None
BIG-IP DNS distributes DNS name resolution requests skipping either the next available pool in a multiple pool configuration or the current load balancing method. If all pools are unavailable, BIG-IP DNS returns an aggregate of the IP addresses of all the virtual servers in the pool using BIND.
Use
None
for the alternate and fallback methods when you want to limit each pool to a single load balancing method. If the preferred load balancing method fails, BIG-IP DNS offers the next pool in a load balancing response.
No
No
Yes
Yes
Ratio
BIG-IP DNS distributes DNS name resolution requests among the virtual servers in a pool or among pools in a multiple pool configuration using
weighted round robin
, a load balancing pattern in which requests are distributed among several resources based on a priority level or weight assigned to each resource.
Use
Ratio
when you want to send twice as many connections to a fast server and half as many connections to a slow server.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Return to DNS
BIG-IP DNS immediately distributes DNS name resolution requests to an LDNS for resolution.
Use
Return to DNS
when you want to temporarily remove a pool from service. You can also use
Return to DNS
when you want to limit a pool in a single pool configuration to only one or two load balancing attempts.
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Round Robin
BIG-IP DNS distributes DNS name resolution requests in a circular and sequential pattern among the virtual servers in a pool. Over time each virtual server receives an equal number of requests.
Use
Round Robin
when you want to distribute requests equally among all virtual servers in a pool.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Static Persist
BIG-IP DNS distributes DNS name resolution requests to the first available virtual server in a pool using the persist mask with the source IP address of the LDNS and a hash algorithm to determine the order of the virtual servers in the list. This hash algorithm orders the virtual servers in the list differently for each LDNS that is passing traffic to the system taking into account the specified CIDR of the LDNS. Each LDNS (and thus each client) generally resolves to the same virtual server; however, when the selected virtual server becomes unavailable, BIG-IP DNS sends requests to another virtual server until the original virtual server becomes available. Then BIG-IP DNS again resolves requests to that virtual server.
Use
Static Persist
when you want requests from a specific LDNS to resolve to a specific virtual server.
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Topology
BIG-IP DNS distributes DNS name resolution requests using proximity-based load balancing. BIG-IP DNS determines the proximity of the resource by comparing location information derived from the DNS message to the topology records in a topology statement you have configured.
Use
Topology
when you want to send requests from a client in a particular geographic region to a data center or server located in that region.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Dynamic load balancing methods

This table describes the dynamic load balancing methods available in BIG-IP DNS.
Name
Description
Wide IP load balancing
Preferred method
Alternate method
Fallback method
Completion Rate
BIG-IP DNS distributes DNS name resolution requests to the virtual server that currently maintains the least number of dropped or timed-out packets during a transaction between a data center and the client's LDNS.
No
Yes
No
Yes
CPU
BIG-IP DNS distributes DNS name resolution requests to the virtual server that currently has the most CPU processing time available.
No
Yes
No
Yes
Hops
BIG-IP DNS distributes DNS name resolution requests to a virtual server in the data center that has the fewest router hops from the client's LDNS. BIG-IP DNS uses the traceroute utility to track the number of router hops between a client's LDNS and each data center.
No
Yes
No
Yes
Kilobytes/Second
BIG-IP DNS distributes DNS name resolution requests to the virtual server that is currently processing the fewest number of kilobytes per second. Use
Kilobytes/Second
only with virtual servers for which BIG-IP DNS can collect the kilobytes per second metric.
No
Yes
No
Yes
Least Connections
BIG-IP DNS distributes DNS name resolution requests to virtual servers on BIG-IP Local Traffic Manager (LTM) that currently hosts the fewest connections. Use
Least Connections
only with LTM servers.
No
Yes
No
Yes
Packet Rate
BIG-IP DNS distributes DNS name resolution requests to the virtual server that is currently processing the fewest number of packets per second.
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Quality of Service
BIG-IP DNS distributes DNS name resolution requests to virtual servers based on a score assigned to each virtual server that is calculated from current performance metrics. Use
Quality of Service
only when you have configured BIG-IP DNS to calculate an overall score for each virtual server based on performance metrics.
No
Yes
No
Yes
Round Trip Time
BIG-IP DNS distributes DNS name resolution requests to the virtual server with the fastest measured round trip time between a data center and a client's LDNS.
No
Yes
No
Yes
Virtual Server Score
BIG-IP DNS distributes DNS name resolution requests to virtual servers on LTM based on a user-defined ranking. Use
Virtual Server Score
only with LTM systems on which you have assigned scores to each virtual server.
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Virtual Server Capacity
BIG-IP DNS distributes DNS name resolution requests to virtual servers in a list that are weighted by the number of available virtual servers in the pool. Use
Virtual Server Capacity
for load balancing virtual servers managed by LTM Systems. BIG-IP DNS selects a virtual server that has the most available (UP) members. When selecting a virtual server from a wide IP pool and two or more virtual servers result in equal scores, BIG-IP DNS will return one of the equal scored virtual servers randomly.
No
Yes
Yes
Yes