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Manual Chapter : Preventing Session Hijacking and Tracking User Sessions

Applies To:

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BIG-IP APM

  • 16.1.5

BIG-IP ASM

  • 16.1.4, 16.1.3, 16.1.2, 16.1.1, 16.1.0
Manual Chapter

Preventing Session Hijacking and Tracking User Sessions

Overview: Preventing session hijacking

Session hijacking
, also called
cookie hijacking
, is the exploitation of a valid computer session to gain unauthorized access to an application. The attacker steals (or hijacks) the cookies from a valid user and attempts to use them for authentication. Application Security Manager™ (ASM™) can prevent session hijacking by tracking clients with a device ID. The
device ID
 is a unique identifier that ASM creates by sending JavaScript to get information about the client device. If the client browser does not accept JavaScript, the client receives a message saying to enable JavaScript to view the page content. Clients that do not accept JavaScript are stopped even when the security policy is in transparent mode.
ASM stores the device ID along with other client data (including the message key or session ID) in a cookie that remains with the client for the length of the HTTP session. The system periodically checks that the device ID of the client is the same one that was assigned when the session started.
If the device ID or message key changes during the session or the session timed out, the system considers that to be an attack and issues an ASM cookie hijacking violation. It looks like an attacker has stolen cookies from a legitimate user and is trying to gain illegal access. Note that the ASM cookie hijacking violation only occurs if you enabled the Learn, Alarm, or Block settings for the violation.
You set up session hijacking along with session tracking. However, you do not have to track user sessions to set up hijacking prevention.

Task Summary

Preventing session hijacking

You can use Application Security Manager to prevent session hijacking by tracking the device ID and session ID of each user.
To use device ID for tracking, client browsers accessing your web site must be able to accept JavaScript, or they will be blocked even when working in transparent mode.
  1. On the Main tab, click
    Security
    Application Security
    Sessions and Logins
    Session Tracking
    .
    The Session Tracking screen opens.
  2. In the Session Hijacking area, for
    Detect Session Hijacking by Device ID Tracking
    , select the
    Enabled
     check box.
    When you are using device ID to track traffic, make sure that the
    Accept XFF
     setting is enabled in the HTTP profile that is assigned to the virtual server.
  3. Click
    Save
     to save your settings.
  4. To set the blocking modes for the hijacking violation, click
    Security
    Application Security
    Policy Building
    Learning and Blocking Settings
    .
    1. In the General Settings, set the
      Enforcement Mode
       to
      Blocking
      .
      This setting blocks all requests that cause violations, and which are set to block.
    2. In the Policy Building Settings, expand Cookies, and for the
      ASM Cookie Hijacking
       violation, select
      Learn
      ,
      Alarm
      , and
      Block
      .
    3. Click
      Save
      .
  5. To put the security policy changes into effect immediately, click
    Apply Policy
    .
Any client that does not accept JavaScript is now prevented from reaching the web site. If the system detects session hijacking, it issues the
ASM Cookie Hijacking
 violation. The event log includes a description of why it happened:
  • Message key mismatch between cookies
  • Device ID mismatch
  • Device ID mismatch and message key mismatch between cookies
Because the security policy enforcement mode is set to blocking, the request is blocked and the client receives the cookie hijacking response page. By default, ASM erases the cookies for the session, and redirects the client to the login page. If the client is legitimate, the login should be successful. Attackers that had attempted to hijack the session are blocked.

Configuring the response to cookie hijacking

You can configure the blocking response that the system sends in response to a session (or cookie) hijacking attempt.
  1. On the Main tab, click
    Security
    Application Security
    Policy
    Response Pages
    .
    The Response Pages screen opens.
  2. In the
    Current edited security policy
     list near the top of the screen, verify that the security policy shown is the one you want to work on.
  3. Click
    Cookie Hijacking Response Page
    .
  4. For the
    Response Type
     setting, select
    Erase Cookies
    .
    You can use other options such as the
    Default Response
     page,
    Custom Response
     page, or
    SOAP Fault
    . But
    Erase Cookies
     is the recommended and default response to cookie hijacking.
    The system deletes client side domain cookies to block the application user.
  5. Click
    Save
     to save your settings.
  6. To put the security policy changes into effect immediately, click
    Apply Policy
    .
If the enforcement mode is blocking and a session hijacking attempt is blocked, the system erases the browser cookies, and displays the cookie hijacking response page.

Overview: Tracking user sessions using login pages

You can track user sessions using login pages configured from within Application Security Manager™ (ASM™), or have the policy retrieve the user names from Access Policy Manager®(APM®). This implementation describes how to set up session tracking for a security policy using login pages. The advantage of using session tracking is that you are able to identify the user, session, device ID, or IP address an attack.
Login pages, created manually or automatically, define the URLs, parameters, and validation criteria required for users to log in to the application. User and session information is included in the system logs so you can track a particular session or user. The system can log activity, or block a user or session if either generates too many violations.
If you configure session awareness, you can view the user and session information in the application security charts.

Task Summary

Creating login pages automatically

Login pages
 specify a login URL that presents a site that users must pass through to gain access to the web application. Your existing security policy can detect and create login pages automatically if you use certain options.
If you are creating a security policy automatically and selected
Comprehensive
 as the policy template, the default options are already set to create login pages automatically. If you are using the
Fundamental
 policy template, the steps here explain the options to configure ASM to automatically detect and create login pages for your application.
For brute force protection to work, ensure that the policy's enforcement mode is set to Blocking. If a policy's enforcement mode is set to Transparent, no brute force mitigation action will be performed.
  1. On the Main tab, click
    Security
    Application Security
    Policy Building
    Learning and Blocking Settings
    .
    The Learning and Blocking Settings screen opens.
  2. Ensure that the
    Learning Mode
     is set to
    Automatic
    .
    The system examines the traffic to the web application, and after processing sufficient legitimate traffic, the system builds the security policy automatically by adding and enforcing elements with minimal manual intervention. A few learning suggestions require your review before they are added.
  3. In the Policy Building Settings area, expand
    Sessions and Logins
     and ensure that
    Brute Force: Maximum login attempts are exceeded
     is enabled for both Alarm and Block.
  4. In the Policy Building Process area, expand
    Options
     and ensure that
    Learn from responses
     is selected.
  5. Click
    Save
     to save your settings.
  6. In the editing context area, click
    Apply Policy
     to put the changes into effect.
The security policy looks for login pages by examining traffic to the web application. When a login page is found, the Policy Builder suggests adding the login form to the security policy. Because the suggestion is learned from responses and responses are considered trusted, if the
Learning Mode
 is
Automatic
, the login page is typically added to the policy right away.
If the
Learning Mode
 is
Manual
, the login page is added to the learning suggestions on the Traffic Learning screen where you can add it to the policy. The login pages in the security policy are included in the Login Pages List.
You can use the login pages for login enforcement, brute force protection, or session awareness.

Creating login pages manually

Before you can create a login page manually, you need to be familiar with the login URL or URLs the application the security policy is protecting.
In your security policy, you can create a login page manually to specify a login URL that presents a site that users must pass through to gain access to the web application. The login URL commonly leads to the login page of the web application.
You can also have the system create login pages automatically by selecting
Detect login pages
 on the Learning and Blocking Settings screen.
  1. On the Main tab, click
    Security
    Application Security
    Sessions and Logins
    .
    The Login Pages List screen opens.
  2. In the
    Current edited security policy
     list near the top of the screen, verify that the security policy shown is the one you want to work on.
  3. Click
    Create
    .
    The New Login Page screen opens.
  4. For the
    Login URL
     setting, specify a URL that users must pass through to get to the application.
    1. From the list, select the type of URL:
      Explicit
       or
      Wildcard
      .
    2. Select either
      HTTP
       or
      HTTPS
       based on the type of traffic the web application accepts.
    3. Type an explicit URL or wildcard expression in the field.
      When you click in the field, the system lists URLs that it has seen, and you can select a URL from the list. Or, you can type explicit URLs in the format
      /login
      , and wildcard URLs without the slash, such as
      *.php
      .
      Wildcard syntax is based on shell-style wildcard characters. This table lists the wildcard characters that you can use so that the entity name can match multiple objects.
      Wildcard Character
      Matches
      *
      All characters
      ?
      Any single character.
      [abcde]
      Exactly one of the characters listed.
      [!abcde]
      Any character not listed.
      [a-e]
      Exactly one character in the range.
      [!a-e}
      Any character not in the range.
      Note that wildcards do not match regular expressions.
  5. From the
    Authentication Type
     list, select the method the web server uses to authenticate the login URL's credentials with a web user.
    Option
    Description
    None
    The web server does not authenticate users trying to access the web application through the login URL. This is the default setting.
    HTML Form
    The web application uses a form to collect and authenticate user credentials. If using this option, you also need to type the user name and password parameters written in the code of the HTML form.
    HTTP Basic Authentication
    The user name and password are transmitted in Base64 and stored on the server in plain text.
    HTTP Digest Authentication
    The web server performs the authentication; user names and passwords are not transmitted over the network, nor are they stored in plain text.
    NTLM
    Microsoft LAN Manager authentication (also called Integrated Windows Authentication) does not transmit credentials in plain text, but requires a continuous TCP connection between the server and client.
    JSON/AJAX Request
    The web server uses JSON and AJAX requests to authenticate users trying to access the web application through the login URL. For this option, you also need to type the name of the JSON element containing the user name and password.
  6. In the Access Validation area, define at least one validation criteria for the login page response.
    If you define more than one validation criteria, the response must meet all the criteria before the system allows the user to access the application login URL.
    The system checks the access validation criteria on the response according to the content-type of the login URL. Supported content-types are text/*, application/x-javascript, application/sgml, application/xml, application/x-asp, application/x-aspx, application/xhtml+xml, application/json, application/x-shockwave-flash. You can use the internal parameter
    user_defined_accum_type
     to add supported content-types.
  7. Click
    Create
     to add the login page to the security policy.
    The new login page is added to the login pages list.
  8. Add as many login pages as needed for your web application.
  9. In the editing context area, click
    Apply Policy
     to put the changes into effect.
The security policy now has one or more login pages associated with it. They are included in the Login Pages List.
You can use the login pages you created for login enforcement, brute force protection, or session awareness.

Setting up session tracking

You can use session tracking to track, enforce, and report on user sessions, device IDs, and IP addresses. To perform tracking, you enable session awareness and indicate how to associate the application user name with the session. You can also determine whether to track violations and perform logging or blocking actions based on the number of violations per user, session, and IP address.
  1. On the Main tab, click
    Security
    Application Security
    Sessions and Logins
    Session Tracking
    .
    The Session Tracking screen opens.
  2. In the Session Tracking Configuration area, select the
    Session Awareness
     check box.
  3. From the
    Application Username
     list, select
    Use All Login Pages
     to track login sessions for all of the login pages in the security policy.
  4. In the Violation Detection Actions area, select the
    Track Violations and Perform Actions
     check box.
  5. In the
    Violation Detection Period
     field, type the number of seconds that indicates the sliding time period to count violations for violation thresholds.
    The default is
    900
     seconds.
  6. If you want the system to block all activity for a user, session, device ID, or IP address when the number of violations exceeds the threshold within the violation detection period, specify one or more of the following settings on the Block All tab.
    Option
    Description
    Blocked URLs
    Specify which URLs to block after the number of violations exceeds the enabled thresholds. To block all URLs, select
    Block all URLs
    . To block authenticated URLs protected by login pages, select
    Block Authenticated URLs
    .
    Username Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations allowed before the system starts to block this user's activity.
    Session Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations allowed before the system starts to block activity for this HTTP session.
    Device ID Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations allowed per device ID before the system starts to block activity for this device.
    IP Address Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations allowed before the system starts to block the activity for this IP address.
    Block All Period
    Specify how long to block users, sessions, or IP addresses if the number of violations exceeds the threshold. To block the user, session, or IP address indefinitely, click
    Infinite
    . Otherwise, click
    User-defined
     and type the number of seconds to block the traffic. The default is
    600
     seconds.
    For the system to block requests, the security policy Enforcement Mode must be set to blocking and some violations must be set to block.
  7. If you want the system to log activity when the number of violations for user, session, device ID, or IP address, exceeds the threshold during the violation detection period, specify one or more of the following settings on the Log All Requests tab.
    Option
    Description
    Username Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations allowed before the system starts logging this user's activity for the log all requests period.
    Session Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations allowed before the system starts logging activity for this HTTP session for the log all requests period.
    Device ID Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations allowed before the system starts to log requests for this device.
    IP Address Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations allowed before the system starts logging the activity of this IP address for the log all requests period.
    Log All Requests Period
    Specify how long the system should log all requests when any of the enabled thresholds is reached. Type the number of seconds in the field.
  8. If you want more tolerant blocking for selected violations, such as those prone to false positives, specify one or more of the following settings on the Delay Blocking tab.
    Option
    Description
    Username Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations a user must cause before the system begins blocking this user for the delay blocking period.
    Session Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations users must cause (during the violation detection period) before the system begins blocking this HTTP session for the delay blocking period.
    Device ID Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations allowed per device ID before the system starts to block illegal requests from the device.
    IP Address Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations allowed before the system begins blocking this IP address for the delay blocking period.
    Delay Blocking Period
    Type the number of seconds that the system should block the user, session, or IP address when any of the enabled thresholds is reached.
    Associated Violations
    Move the violations for which you want delay blocking from the
    Available
     list into the
    Selected
     list. If the selected violations occur, the system does not block traffic until one of the enabled thresholds is reached. At that point, the system blocks traffic causing those violations for the user, session, or IP address, but allows other transactions to pass.
    For the system to block requests, the security policy Enforcement Mode must be set to blocking and some violations must be set to block.
  9. Click
    Save
     to save your settings.
After you set up session tracking, if any enabled threshold exceeds the number of violations during the detection period, the system starts the configured actions (block all, log all requests, or delay blocking).

Monitoring user and session information

To monitor user and session information, you first need to set up session tracking for the security policy.
You can use the reporting tools in Application Security Manager to monitor user and session details, especially when you need to investigate suspicious activity that is occurring with certain users, sessions, or IP addresses.
  1. On the Main tab, click
    Security
    Reporting
    Application
    Session Tracking Status
    .
    The Session Tracking Status screen opens and shows the users, sessions, and IP addresses that the system is currently tracking for this security policy.
  2. From the
    Action
     list, select the action by which to filter the data.
    Action
    Description
    All
    Specifies that the screen displays all entries. This is the default value.
    Block All
    Specifies that the system displays sessions whose requests the system blocks after the configured threshold was reached.
    Log All Requests
    Specifies that the system displays sessions whose requests the system logs after the configured threshold was reached.
    Delay Blocking
    Specifies that the system displays sessions whose requests the system delayed blocking until the configured threshold was reached.
  3. From the
    Scope
     list, specify the scope (username, session, or IP address) by which to filter the data.
    Option
    Description
    Alt
    Specifies that the screen displays all entries. This is the default value.
    Username
    Specifies that the system displays usernames whose illegal requests exceeded the security policy’s threshold values.
    Session
    Specifies that the system displays identification numbers of illegal sessions that exceeded the security policy’s threshold values.
    IP Address
    Specifies that the system displays IP addresses where illegal requests from these IP addresses exceeded the security policy’s threshold values.
    Device ID
    Specifies that the system displays device IDs where illegal requests from these devices exceeded the security policy’s threshold values.
  4. If you want to filter the information by value, in the
    Value
     field, type the username, session identification number, IP address, device ID, or string. If empty, the screen displays all entries.
  5. When you finish specifying the filter details, click
    Go
    .
    The Session Tracking Status list now shows the information specified in the Filter setting.
After you set up session tracking, you can monitor the specific requests that cause violations by examining each request and reviewing graphical charts.

Tracking specific user and session information

To monitor user and session information, you first need to set up session tracking for the security policy.
You can configure Application Security Manager to log, block, or delay blocking requests from a specific username, session, or source IP address.
  1. On the Main tab, click
    Security
    Reporting
    Application
    Session Tracking Status
    .
    The Session Tracking Status screen opens and shows the users, sessions, and IP addresses that the system is currently tracking for this security policy.
  2. Next to the Session Tracking Status list, click
    Add
    .
    The Add Session to Tracking screen opens.
  3. From the
    Action
     list, select the action that the system will take if it detects the specified username, session, or IP address.
    Action
    Description
    Block All
    Specifies that the system blocks all requests from a specific username, session ID, IP address, or device ID for the configured period of time.
    Log All Requests
    Specifies that the system blocks all requests from a specific username, session ID, IP address, or device ID for the configured period of time.
    Delay Blocking
    Specifies that the system will delay blocking the associated violations from a specific username, session ID, IP address, or device ID until the threshold is reached; then they will be blocked for the configured period of time.
  4. From the
    Scope
     list, specify whether the system is tracking a specific Username (the default value), Session, IP Address, or device ID.
  5. In the
    Value
     field, type the unique username, session identification number, or IP address that you want to track, based on what you selected in the
    Scope
     option.
  6. Click
    Add
    .
    The system adds the entry to the Session Tracking list and immediately begins to enforce it.
If the system detects the specific username, session, or IP address, it takes that action you configured for it.

Overview: Tracking application security sessions using APM

You can track sessions using login pages configured from within Application Security Manager™ (ASM™), or have the policy retrieve the user names from Access Policy Manager® (APM®). This implementation describes how to set up session tracking for a security policy using APM to verify user credentials. Then, you can set up session awareness from within ASM to identify the user, session, or IP address that instigated an attack.
If you configure session tracking, you can view the user and session information in the application security charts.

Prerequisites for setting up session tracking with APM

In order to set up session tracking from within Application Security Manager™ (ASM™) so that the security policy retrieves the user names from Access Policy Manager ® (APM®), you need to perform basic these system configuration tasks according to the needs of your networking configuration:
  • Run the setup utility and create a management IP address.
  • License and provision ASM, APM, and Local Traffic Manager (LTM).
  • Configure a DNS address (
    System
    Configuration
    Device
    DNS
    ).
  • Configure an NTP server (
    System
    Configuration
    Device
    NTP
    ).
  • Restart ASM (at the command line, type
    tmsh restart /sys service asm
    ).

Task summary

Use the following tasks to set up application security session tracking with APM authentication integrated.

Creating a VLAN

VLANs
 represent a logical collection of hosts that can share network resources, regardless of their physical location on the network. You create a VLAN to associate physical interfaces with that VLAN.
  1. On the Main tab, click
    Network
    VLANs
    .
    The VLAN List screen opens.
  2. Click
    Create
    .
    The New VLAN screen opens.
  3. In the
    Name
     field, type a unique name for the VLAN.
  4. In the
    Tag
     field, type a numeric tag, between 1-4094, for the VLAN, or leave the field blank if you want the BIG-IP system to automatically assign a VLAN tag.
    The VLAN tag identifies the traffic from hosts in the associated VLAN.
  5. If you want to use Q-in-Q (double) tagging, use the
    Customer Tag
     setting to perform the following two steps. If you do not see the
    Customer Tag
     setting, your hardware platform does not support Q-in-Q tagging and you can skip this step.
    1. From the
      Customer Tag
       list, select
      Specify
      .
    2. Type a numeric tag, from 1-4094, for the VLAN.
    The customer tag specifies the inner tag of any frame passing through the VLAN.
  6. For the
    Interfaces
     setting,
    1. From the
      Interface
       list, select an interface number.
    2. From the
      Tagging
       list, select
      Untagged
      .
    3. Click
      Add
      .
  7. For the
    Hardware SYN Cookie
     setting, select or clear the check box.
    When you enable this setting, the BIG-IP system triggers hardware SYN cookie protection for this VLAN.
    Enabling this setting causes additional settings to appear. These settings appear on specific BIG-IP platforms only.
  8. For the
    Syncache Threshold
     setting, retain the default value or change it to suit your needs.
    The
    Syncache Threshold
     value represents the number of outstanding SYN flood packets on the VLAN that will trigger the hardware SYN cookie protection feature.
    When the
    Hardware SYN Cookie
     setting is enabled, the BIG-IP system triggers SYN cookie protection in either of these cases, whichever occurs first:
    • The number of TCP half-open connections defined in the LTM setting
      Global SYN Check Threshold
       is reached.
    • The number of SYN flood packets defined in this
      Syncache Threshold
       setting is reached.
  9. For the
    SYN Flood Rate Limit
     setting, retain the default value or change it to suit your needs.
    The
    SYN Flood Rate Limit
     value represents the maximum number of SYN flood packets per second received on this VLAN before the BIG-IP system triggers hardware SYN cookie protection for the VLAN.
  10. Click
    Finished
    .
    The screen refreshes, and it displays the new VLAN in the list.

Creating a self IP address for a VLAN

Ensure that you have at least one VLAN configured before you create a self IP address.
Self IP addresses enable the BIG-IP system, and other devices on the network, to route application traffic through the associated VLAN.
  1. On the Main tab, click
    Network
    Self IPs
    .
  2. Click
    Create
    .
    The New Self IP screen opens.
  3. In the
    Name
     field, type a unique name for the self IP address.
  4. In the
    IP Address
     field, type an IPv4 or IPv6 address.
    This IP address should represent the address space of the VLAN that you specify with the
    VLAN/Tunnel
     setting.
  5. In the
    Netmask
     field, type the network mask for the specified IP address.
    For example, you can type
    255.255.255.0
    .
  6. From the
    VLAN/Tunnel
     list, select the VLAN to associate with this self IP address.
    • On the internal network, select the internal or high availability VLAN that is associated with an internal interface or trunk.
    • On the external network, select the external VLAN that is associated with an external interface or trunk.
  7. Use the default values for all remaining settings.
  8. Click
    Finished
    .
    The screen refreshes, and displays the new self IP address.
The BIG-IP system can now send and receive TCP/IP traffic through the specified VLAN.

Creating a local traffic pool for application security

You can use a local traffic pool with Application Security Manager system to forward traffic to the appropriate resources.
Instead of doing it now, you can optionally create a pool if creating a virtual server during security policy creation.
  1. On the Main tab, click
    Local Traffic
    Pools
    .
    The Pool List screen opens.
  2. Click
    Create
    .
    The New Pool screen opens.
  3. In the
    Name
     field, type a unique name for the pool.
  4. In the Resources area, for the
    New Members
     setting, add to the pool the application servers that host the web application:
    1. Type an IP address in the
      Address
       field.
    2. In the
      Service Port
       field, type a port number (for example, type
      80
       for the HTTP service), or select a service name from the list.
    3. Click
      Add
      .
  5. Click
    Finished
    .
The BIG-IP system configuration now includes a local traffic pool containing the resources that you want to protect using Application Security Manager.

Creating a virtual server to manage HTTPS traffic

You can create a virtual server to manage HTTPS traffic.
  1. On the Main tab, click
    Local Traffic
    Virtual Servers
    .
    The Virtual Server List screen opens.
  2. Click
    Create
    .
    The New Virtual Server screen opens.
  3. In the
    Name
     field, type a unique name for the virtual server.
  4. In the
    Service Port
     field, type
    443
     or select
    HTTPS
     from the list.
  5. From the
    Configuration
     list, select
    Advanced
    .
  6. From the
    HTTP Profile
     list, select
    http
    .
  7. For the
    SSL Profile (Client)
     setting, from the
    Available
     list, select
    clientssl
    , and using the Move button, move the name to the
    Selected
     list.
  8. From the
    SSL Profile (Server)
     list, select
    serverssl
    .
    This setting ensures that there is an SSL connection between the HTTP virtual server and the external HTTPS server.
  9. From the
    Source Address Translation
     list, select
    Auto Map
    .
  10. From the
    Default Pool
     list, select the pool that is configured for application security.
  11. Click
    Finished
    .
The HTTPS virtual server appears in the Virtual Server List screen.

Creating a virtual server to manage HTTP/2 traffic

You can create a virtual server to manage HTTP/2 traffic. An HTTP/2 virtual server provides security checks for vulnerabilities that are specific to HTTP/2. You can also configure a virtual server for HTTP/2 traffic at part of a policy configuration.
  1. On the Main tab, click
    Local Traffic
    Virtual Servers
    Virtual Server List
    .
  2. Click
    Create...
    The New Virtual Server... screen opens.
  3. Enter a unique name for the virtual server.
  4. In the
    Configuration
     section:
    1. For
      HTTP Profile (Client)
      , select
      HTTP
      .
    2. For
      SSL Profile (Client)
      , select
      clientssl-secure
      .
    3. For
      SSL Profile (Server)
      , select
      serverssl-secure
      .
  5. In the
    Acceleration
     section:
    1. For
      HTTP/2 Profile (Client)
      , select
      http2
      .
    2. For
      HTTP/2 Profile (Server)
      , select
      http2
      .
    3. Select
      HTTP MRF Router
      .
  6. Continue with any other needed virtual server configurations.
  7. Click
    Finished
    .
The HTTPS virtual server appears in the Virtual Server List screen. You can view configured HTTP/2 profiles at
Local Traffic
Profiles
HTTP/2
.

Creating a simple security policy

Before you can create a security policy, you must perform the minimal system configuration tasks required according to the needs of your networking environment.
You can use Application Security Manager to create a robust, yet simple, security policy that is tailored to protect your web application. This is the easiest way to create a security policy.
  1. On the Main tab, click
    Security
    Application Security
    Security Policies
    Policies List
    .
    The Policies List screen opens.
  2. Click
    Create New Policy
    .
    You only see this button when no policy is selected.
  3. In the
    Policy Name
     field, type a name for the policy.
  4. Leave
    Policy Type
    , set to
    Security
    .
  5. For
    Policy Template
    , select
    Fundamental
    .
  6. For
    Virtual Server
    , click
    Configure new virtual server
     to specify where to direct application requests.
    1. For
      What type of protocol does your application use?
      , select
      HTTP
      ,
      HTTPS
      , or both.
    2. In the
      Virtual Server Name
       field, type a unique name.
    3. In the
      HTTP/HTTPS Virtual Server Destination
       field, type the address in IPv4 (
      10.0.0.1
      ) or IPv6 (
      2001:ed8:77b5:2:10:10:100:42/64
      ) format, and specify the service port.
      If you want multiple IP addresses to be directed here, use the
      Network
       setting.
    4. In the
      HTTP/HTTPS Pool Member
       setting, specify the addresses of the back-end application servers.
    5. If you have chosen HTTPS protocol, in the
      SSL Profile (Client)
       field, select clientssl to enable the
      HTTP/2 Profile (Client)
       field.
    6. If you have chose HTTPS protocol, in the
      SSL Profile (Server)
       field, select serverssl to enable the
      HTTP/2 Profile (Server)
       field.
    7. From the
      Logging Profile
       list, select a profile such as
      Log illegal requests
       to determine which events are logged on the system.
  7. In the upper right corner, click
    Advanced
    .
    You can use default values for the Advanced settings but it's a good idea to take a look at them.
    • If you selected
      Fundamental
       or
      Comprehensive
       for the
      Policy Template
      ,
      Learning Mode
       is set to
      Automatic
       and
      Enforcement Mode
       is set to
      Blocking
      .
      If you need to change these values, set application language to a value other than
      Auto detect
      .
    • If you know the
      Application Language
      , select it or use
      Unicode (utf-8)
      .
    • To add specific protections (enforcing additional attack signatures) to the policy, for
      Server Technologies
      , select the technologies that apply to the back-end application servers.
    • You can configure trusted IP addresses that you want the security policy to consider safe.
  8. Click
    Create Policy
     to create the security policy.
ASM creates a security policy that immediately starts protecting your application. The enforcement mode of the security policy is set to Blocking. Traffic that is considered to be an attack such as traffic that is not compliant with HTTP protocol, has malformed payloads, uses evasion techniques, performs web scraping, contains sensitive information or illegal values is blocked. Other potential violations are reported but not blocked.
The system examines the traffic to the web application making suggestions for more specifically building the security policy. The Policy Builder selectively learns new entities like file types, parameters, and cookies used in requests to the application. When ASM processes sufficient traffic, it automatically adds the entities to the security policy, and enforces them.
The system applies a basic set of attack signatures to the security policy and puts them in staging (by default, for 7 days). If you specified server technologies, additional attack signatures are included. ASM reports common attacks discovered by comparison to the signatures but does not block these attacks until the staging period is over and they are enforced. That gives you a chance to be sure that these are actual attacks and not legitimate requests.
This is a good point at which send some traffic to test that you can access the application being protected by the security policy and check that traffic is being processed correctly by the BIG-IP system. Send the traffic to the virtual server destination address.

Creating an access profile

You create an access profile to provide the access policy configuration for a virtual server that establishes a secured session.
  1. On the Main tab, click
    Access
    Profiles / Policies
    .
    The Access Profiles (Per-Session Policies) screen opens.
  2. Click
    Create
    .
    The New Profile screen opens.
  3. In the
    Name
     field, type a unique name for the access profile.
  4. From the
    Profile Type
     list, select
    SSL-VPN
    .
    Additional settings display.
  5. From the
    Profile Scope
     list, retain the default value or select another.
    • Profile
      : Gives a user access only to resources that are behind the same access profile. This is the default value.
    • Virtual Server
      : Gives a user access only to resources that are behind the same virtual server.
    • Global
      : Gives a user access to resources behind any access profile that has global scope.
    • Named
      : Gives an SSL Orchestrator user access to resources behind any access profile that has global scope.
  6. For
    Customization Type
    , select
    Modern
    .
    You can also use
    Standard
     but
    Modern
     customization is simpler and provides better compatibility for modern cross-platform and cross-device applications.
  7. To configure timeout and session settings, select the
    Custom
     check box.
  8. In the
    Inactivity Timeout
     field, type the number of seconds that should pass before the access policy times out. Type
    0
     to set no timeout.
    If there is no activity (defined by the
    Session Update Threshold
     and
    Session Update Window
     settings in the Network Access configuration) between the client and server within the specified threshold time, the system closes the current session.
  9. In the
    Access Policy Timeout
     field, type the number of seconds that should pass before the access profile times out because of inactivity.
    Type
    0
     to set no timeout.
  10. In the
    Maximum Session Timeout
     field, type the maximum number of seconds the session can exist.
    Type
    0
     to set no timeout.
  11. In the
    Max Concurrent Users
     field, type the maximum number of users that can use this access profile at the same time.
    Type
    0
     to set no maximum.
  12. In the
    Max Sessions Per User
     field, type the maximum number of concurrent sessions that one user can start.
    Type
    0
     to set no maximum.
    Only a user in the administrator, application editor, manager, or resource administrator role has access to this field.
  13. In the
    Max In Progress Sessions Per Client IP
     field, type the maximum number of concurrent sessions that can be in progress for a client IP address.
    When setting this value, take into account whether users will come from a NAT-ed or proxied client address and, if so, consider increasing the value accordingly. The default value is 128.
    Only a user in the administrator, application editor, manager, or resource administrator role has access to this field.
    F5 does not recommend setting this value to
    0
     (unlimited).
  14. Select the
    Restrict to Single Client IP
     check box to restrict the current session to a single IP address.
    This setting associates the session ID with the IP address.
    Only a user in the administrator, application editor, manager, or resource administrator role has access to this field.
    Upon a request to the session, if the IP address has changed the request is redirected to a logout page, the session ID is deleted, and a log entry is written to indicate that a session hijacking attempt was detected. If such a redirect is not possible, the request is denied and the same events occur.
  15. To redirect users attempting to access the root URI in a validated session with a webtop, select
    Redirect client to webtop on root URI access
    .
    Users are redirected to the webtop in this case. Otherwise, requests are forwarded.
  16. To configure logout URIs, in the Configurations area, type each logout URI in the
    URI
     field, and then click
    Add
    .
  17. In the
    Logout URI Timeout
     field, type the delay in seconds before logout occurs for the customized logout URIs defined in the
    Logout URI Include
     list.
  18. To configure SSO:
    • For users to log in to multiple domains using one SSO configuration, skip the settings in the SSO Across Authentication Domains (Single Domain mode) area. You can configure SSO for multiple domains only after you finish the initial access profile configuration.
    • For users to log in to a single domain using an SSO configuration, configure settings in the SSO Across Authentication Domains (Single Domain mode) area, or you can configure SSO settings after you finish the initial access profile configuration.
  19. In the
    Domain Cookie
     field, specify a domain cookie, if the application access control connection uses a cookie.
  20. In the
    Cookie Options
     setting, specify whether to use a secure cookie.
    • If the policy requires a secure cookie, select the
      Secure
       check box to add the
      secure
       keyword to the session cookie.
    • If you are configuring an LTM access scenario that uses an HTTPS virtual server to authenticate the user and then sends the user to an existing HTTP virtual server to use applications, clear this check box.
  21. If the access policy requires a persistent cookie, in the
    Cookie Options
     setting, select the
    Persistent
     check box.
    This sets cookies if the session does not have a webtop. When the session is first established, session cookies are not marked as persistent; but when the first response is sent to the client after the access policy completes successfully, the cookies are marked persistent. Persistent cookies are updated for the expiration timeout every 60 seconds. The timeout is equal to session inactivity timeout. If the session inactivity timeout is overwritten in the access policy, the overwritten value will be used to set the persistent cookie expiration.
  22. From the
    SSO Configuration
     list, select an SSO configuration.
  23. In the Language Settings area, add and remove accepted languages, and set the default language.
    If no browser language matches one in the accepted languages list, the browser uses the default language.
  24. Click
    Finished
    .
The access profile displays in the Access Profiles List. Default-log-setting is assigned to the access profile.
To add an SSO configuration for multiple domains, click
SSO / Auth Domains
 on the menu bar. To provide functionality with an access profile, you must configure the access policy. The default access policy for a profile denies all traffic and contains no actions. Click
Edit
 in the
Access Policy
 column to edit the access policy.

Configuring an access policy

You configure an access policy to provide authentication, endpoint checks, and resources for an access profile. This procedure configures a simple access policy that adds a logon page, gets user credentials, submits them to an authentication type of your choice, then allows authenticated users, and denies others.
  1. On the Main tab, click
    Access
    Profiles / Policies
    .
    The Access Profiles (Per-Session Policies) screen opens.
  2. Click the name of the access profile you want to edit.
  3. On the menu bar, click
    Access Policy
    .
  4. For the
    Visual Policy Editor
     setting, click the
    Edit access policy for Profile
    policy_name
     link.
    The visual policy editor opens the access policy in a separate window or tab.
  5. Click the
    (+)
     icon anywhere in the access policy to add a new item.
    Only an applicable subset of access policy items is available for selection in the visual policy editor for any access profile type.
    A popup screen opens, listing predefined actions on tabs such as General Purpose, Authentication, and so on.
  6. On the Logon tab, select
    Logon Page
     and click the
    Add Item
     button.
    The Logon Page Agent properties screen opens.
  7. Click
    Save
    .
    The Access Policy screen reopens.
  8. On the rule branch, click the plus sign
    (+)
     between
    Logon Page
     and
    Deny
    .
  9. Set up the appropriate authentication and client-side checks required for application access at your company, and click
    Add Item
    .
  10. Change the Successful rule branch from
    Deny
     to
    Allow
     and click the
    Save
     button.
  11. If needed, configure further actions on the successful and fallback rule branches of this access policy item, and save the changes.
  12. At the top of the screen, click the
    Apply Access Policy
     link to apply and activate your changes to this access policy.
  13. Click the
    Close
     button to close the visual policy editor.
To apply this access policy to network traffic, add the access profile to a virtual server.
To ensure that logging is configured to meet your requirements, verify the log settings for the access profile.

Adding the access profile to the virtual server

  1. On the Main tab, click
    Local Traffic
    Virtual Servers
    .
    The Virtual Server List screen opens.
  2. Click the name of the virtual server you want to modify.
  3. In the Access Policy area, from the
    Access Profile
     list, select the access profile that you configured earlier.
  4. Click
    Update
     to save the changes.

Setting up ASM session tracking with APM

You can use session tracking to track, enforce, and report on user sessions and IP addresses. To perform tracking, you enable session awareness and indicate how to associate the application user name with the session.
  1. On the Main tab, click
    Security
    Application Security
    Sessions and Logins
    Session Tracking
    .
    The Session Tracking screen opens.
  2. In the Session Tracking Configuration area, select the
    Session Awareness
     check box.
  3. From the
    Application Username
     list, select
    Use APM Usernames and Session ID
    .
  4. In the Violation Detection Actions area, select the
    Track Violations and Perform Actions
     check box.
  5. In the
    Violation Detection Period
     field, type the number of seconds that indicates the sliding time period to count violations for violation thresholds.
    The default is
    900
     seconds.
  6. If you want the system to block all activity for a user, session, device ID, or IP address when the number of violations exceeds the threshold within the violation detection period, specify one or more of the following settings on the Block All tab.
    Option
    Description
    Blocked URLs
    Specify which URLs to block after the number of violations exceeds the enabled thresholds. To block all URLs, select
    Block all URLs
    . To block authenticated URLs protected by login pages, select
    Block Authenticated URLs
    .
    Username Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations allowed before the system starts to block this user's activity.
    Session Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations allowed before the system starts to block activity for this HTTP session.
    Device ID Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations allowed per device ID before the system starts to block activity for this device.
    IP Address Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations allowed before the system starts to block the activity for this IP address.
    Block All Period
    Specify how long to block users, sessions, or IP addresses if the number of violations exceeds the threshold. To block the user, session, or IP address indefinitely, click
    Infinite
    . Otherwise, click
    User-defined
     and type the number of seconds to block the traffic. The default is
    600
     seconds.
    For the system to block requests, the security policy Enforcement Mode must be set to blocking and some violations must be set to block.
  7. If you want the system to log activity when the number of violations for user, session, device ID, or IP address, exceeds the threshold during the violation detection period, specify one or more of the following settings on the Log All Requests tab.
    Option
    Description
    Username Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations allowed before the system starts logging this user's activity for the log all requests period.
    Session Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations allowed before the system starts logging activity for this HTTP session for the log all requests period.
    Device ID Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations allowed before the system starts to log requests for this device.
    IP Address Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations allowed before the system starts logging the activity of this IP address for the log all requests period.
    Log All Requests Period
    Specify how long the system should log all requests when any of the enabled thresholds is reached. Type the number of seconds in the field.
  8. If you want more tolerant blocking for selected violations, such as those prone to false positives, specify one or more of the following settings on the Delay Blocking tab.
    Option
    Description
    Username Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations a user must cause before the system begins blocking this user for the delay blocking period.
    Session Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations users must cause (during the violation detection period) before the system begins blocking this HTTP session for the delay blocking period.
    Device ID Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations allowed per device ID before the system starts to block illegal requests from the device.
    IP Address Threshold
    Select
    Enable
     and specify the number of violations allowed before the system begins blocking this IP address for the delay blocking period.
    Delay Blocking Period
    Type the number of seconds that the system should block the user, session, or IP address when any of the enabled thresholds is reached.
    Associated Violations
    Move the violations for which you want delay blocking from the
    Available
     list into the
    Selected
     list. If the selected violations occur, the system does not block traffic until one of the enabled thresholds is reached. At that point, the system blocks traffic causing those violations for the user, session, or IP address, but allows other transactions to pass.
    For the system to block requests, the security policy Enforcement Mode must be set to blocking and some violations must be set to block.
  9. Click
    Save
     to save your settings.
After you set up session tracking, if any enabled threshold exceeds the number of violations during the detection period, the system starts the configured actions for block all, log all requests, and delay blocking.
Test that you can log in to the web application through the Access Policy Manager logon page. You can also test that the security policy works by generating violations and reviewing the application security logs.

Monitoring user and session information

To monitor user and session information, you first need to set up session tracking for the security policy.
You can use the reporting tools in Application Security Manager to monitor user and session details, especially when you need to investigate suspicious activity that is occurring with certain users, sessions, or IP addresses.
  1. On the Main tab, click
    Security
    Reporting
    Application
    Session Tracking Status
    .
    The Session Tracking Status screen opens and shows the users, sessions, and IP addresses that the system is currently tracking for this security policy.
  2. From the
    Action
     list, select the action by which to filter the data.
    Action
    Description
    All
    Specifies that the screen displays all entries. This is the default value.
    Block All
    Specifies that the system displays sessions whose requests the system blocks after the configured threshold was reached.
    Log All Requests
    Specifies that the system displays sessions whose requests the system logs after the configured threshold was reached.
    Delay Blocking
    Specifies that the system displays sessions whose requests the system delayed blocking until the configured threshold was reached.
  3. From the
    Scope
     list, specify the scope (username, session, or IP address) by which to filter the data.
    Option
    Description
    Alt
    Specifies that the screen displays all entries. This is the default value.
    Username
    Specifies that the system displays usernames whose illegal requests exceeded the security policy’s threshold values.
    Session
    Specifies that the system displays identification numbers of illegal sessions that exceeded the security policy’s threshold values.
    IP Address
    Specifies that the system displays IP addresses where illegal requests from these IP addresses exceeded the security policy’s threshold values.
    Device ID
    Specifies that the system displays device IDs where illegal requests from these devices exceeded the security policy’s threshold values.
  4. If you want to filter the information by value, in the
    Value
     field, type the username, session identification number, IP address, device ID, or string. If empty, the screen displays all entries.
  5. When you finish specifying the filter details, click
    Go
    .
    The Session Tracking Status list now shows the information specified in the Filter setting.
After you set up session tracking, you can monitor the specific requests that cause violations by examining each request and reviewing graphical charts.
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