Managing DoS Profiles in Shared Security

About DoS profiles

A denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) makes a victim’s resource unavailable to its intended users, or obstructs the communication media between the intended users and the victimized site so that they can no longer communicate adequately. Perpetrators of DoS attacks typically target sites or services, such as banks, credit card payment gateways, and e-commerce web sites.

Using Shared Security, you can configure DoS profiles to help prevent network, SIP, and DNS DoS and DDoS attacks, and to detect and protect against DoS (Denial of Service) attacks aimed at the resources that are used for serving the application (the web server, web framework, and the application logic).

You can monitor DoS profiles using the Monitoring > EVENTS > DoS screens.

DoS profile considerations when deploying to BIG-IP device clusters

In some cases, deploying a configuration containing a DoS profile from BIG-IQ Centralized Management to a BIG-IP device cluster can cause the cluster to become unsynchronized. If that occurs, manually synchronize the BIG-IP device cluster. Then, reimport the BIG-IP system configuration to BIG-IQ Centralized Management, and select Use BIG-IP system as the operation to resolve any differences.

DoS profile considerations when managing multiple BIG-IP device versions

You use BIG-IQ Centralized Management to manage multiple BIG-IP devices which can have multiple versions. In most cases, this is handled seamlessly. However, in certain cases, objects differ significantly between BIG-IP device versions, and these objects require special handling when shared between BIG-IP device versions.

• Address lists in DoS profiles

  DoS profiles that have address lists configured cannot be shared between BIG-IP devices that are version 12.1 or earlier and BIG-IP devices that are version 13.0 or later.

• Whitelists in DoS profiles

  DoS profiles that have whitelists configured cannot be shared between BIG-IP devices that are version 12.1 or earlier and BIG-IP devices that are version 13.0 or later. In the BIG-IQ Centralized Management DoS Profile, you configure whitelists differently, based on the BIG-IP device version you are managing.

  • To use a DoS profile to manage a BIG-IP device version 12.1 or earlier, select a whitelist value using the IP Address Whitelist setting on the DoS Profile Application Security Properties screen.
  • To use a DoS profile to manage a BIG-IP device version 13.0 or later, select a whitelist value using the HTTP Whitelist setting on the DoS Profile Properties screen. Do not select a value for both the HTTP Whitelist and the IP Address Whitelist settings in the same DoS profile.

Create DoS profiles

You can create a DoS profile and configure the circumstances under which the system considers traffic to be a DoS attack, and how the system handles a DoS attack.

1. Click Configuration > SECURITY > Shared Security > DoS Protection > DoS Profiles.

2. In the DoS Profiles screen, click Create.

3. In the New DoS Profile screen, add and set the properties as appropriate.

4. In the Name setting, specify a unique name for the DoS profile.

5. in the Description setting, specify an optional description for the DoS profile.

6. In the Partition setting, specify the partition to which the DoS profile belongs. You can replace the default Common partition when creating DoS profiles by typing a unique name for a new partition.

   The partition with that name must already exist on the BIG-IP® device. No whitespace is allowed in the partition name.

7. In the Application Templates setting, select whether the policy is available to application templates. To make this policy available to application templates, select Make available in Application Templates.

8. In the Threshold Sensitivity setting, specify the threshold sensitivity for the DoS profile. Thresholds for detecting attacks are higher when sensitivity is Low , and lower when sensitivity is High.

   This property is not used with the Application Security protection type.

9. In the Source IP Address Whitelist setting, specify the configuration of the Source IP address white list.

   This property is not used with the Application Security protection type.

10. In the HTTP Whitelist setting, specify the HTTP whitelist to use.

    This setting is applied only to BIG-IP devices version 13.0, or later.

11. Select and enable the one or more DoS protection types you want to use from the list on the left.

12. When you are finished, save your work.

The new DoS profile is added to the list of profiles.

Configure for application security

Your virtual server must include an HTTP profile to use the application security feature.

You can configure the conditions under which the system determines that your application is under a DoS attack, and how the system reacts to a suspected attack.

1. Click Configuration > SECURITY > Shared Security > DoS Protection > DoS Profiles.

2. In the DoS Profiles screen, click the profile name to configure.

3. On the left, click Application Security to expand the list.

4. Click Properties to display the General Settings screen and configure the application security general settings.

   1. In the Application Securitysetting, select Enabled to use application security protection and display additional properties.

   2. In the IP Address Whitelist setting, specify the IP addresses that the system considers legitimate and does not examine when performing DoS prevention.

      • To add an IP address to the whitelist, type it in the upper field, and click Add. The IP address is added to the whitelist in the lower field.
      • To delete an IP address from the whitelist, select the IP address from the whitelist in the lower field, and click Remove. This setting is applied only to BIG-IP devices earlier than version 13.0.

   3. In the Geolocations setting, specify that you want to override the DoS profile’s Geolocation Detection Criteria threshold settings by selecting countries from which to allow or block traffic during a DoS attack.

      • To allow traffic from a country, select the country and move it to the Geolocation Whitelist.
      • To block traffic from a country, select the country and move it to the Geolocation Blacklist.

   4. In the Trigger iRule setting, enable this setting if you have an iRule that manages DoS events in a customized manner.

   5. In the Single Page Application setting, enable this setting if your website is a single page application.

   6. In the URL Patterns setting, configure the URL patterns to be used. Each URL pattern defines a set of URLs which are logically the same URL with the varying part of the pattern acting as a parameter, such as /product/*php

      • To add the URL pattern to the list, type the URL pattern and click Add.
      • To remove the URL pattern from the list, select the pattern from the URL Patterns list, and click Remove.

   7. In the Traffic Scrubbing setting, enable this setting if you want traffic scrubbing enabled during attacks by advertising BGP routes. This feature requires configuration of a scrubber profile. Change the Advertisement Duration value if needed.

   8. In the RTBH setting, enable this setting if you want to have remotely triggered black hole (RTBH) filtering of attacking BGP IPs by advertising BGP routes. This feature requires configuration of the blacklist publisher. Change the Advertisement Duration value if needed.

   9. In the Performance Acceleration setting, configure whether performance acceleration should be used.

      • To not use performance acceleration, select None.
      • To use performance acceleration, select the TCP fastL4 profile to be used as the fast-path for acceleration.

5. To use the Proactive Bot Defense screen to configure those settings, click Proactive Bot Defense.

6. To use the Bot Signatures screen to configure those settings, click Bot Signatures.

7. To configure how mobile applications built with the Anti-Bot Mobile SDK are detected and to define how requests from mobile application clients are handled, click Mobile Applications.

8. To configure settings for the detection of DoS attacks based on a high volume of incoming traffic, click TPS-based Detection.

9. To configure settings for the detection of DoS attacks based on server stress, click Behavioral and Stress-based Detection.

10. To configure settings for protecting heavy URLs during DoS attacks, click Heavy URL Protection.

    Heavy URLs are those which have a potential to cause stress on the server, even with a low TPS count.

    Property	Description
    Automatic Detection	Select Enabled to automatically detect heavy URLs of the application, in addition to the URLs entered manually.
    Heavy URLs	You can configure a list of heavy URLs to protect in addition to the automatically detected ones. Type a URL in the top field, and click Add. Optionally, for a BIG-IP device version 13.0 or later, enter a threshold value. To remove a URL from the list, select the URL from the text box, and click Remove
    Ignored URLs	You can configure a list of URLs that are excluded from automatic detection as heavy URLs. The system supports wildcards. Type a URL in the top field, and click Add. To remove a URL from the list, select the URL from the text box, and click Remove
    Latency Threshold	If Automatic Detection is enabled, set the Latency Threshold setting to be the number of milliseconds for the system to use as the threshold for automatically detecting heavy URLs. The default value is 1000 milliseconds. Click Reset to Default to reset the value to 1000.

11. To define the responses to use when issuing a challenge, click CAPTCHA Response Settings.

    Note: The exact format of a response body differs depending on the version of the BIG-IP device. Test and verify that any custom response you create works with your installed BIG-IP version.

    1. For the First Response Type, select Default to use the default response, or select Custom to create your own first response body by entering it into the First Response Body area.

       Here is an example first response body:

       Copy

       This question is for testing whether you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submission.
       <br>
       %DOSL7.captcha.image% %DOSL7.captcha.change%
       <br>
       <b>What code is in the image?</b>
       %DOSL7.captcha.solution%
       <br>
       %DOSL7.captcha.submit%
       <br>
       <br>
       Your support ID is: %DOSL7.captcha.support_id% 

    2. For the Failure Response Type, select Default to use the default response or select Custom to create your own failure response body by entering it into the Failure Response Body area.

       Here is an example failure response body:

       Copy

       You have entered an invalid answer for the question. Please, try again.
       <br>
       %DOSL7.captcha.image% %DOSL7.captcha.change%
       <br>
       <b>What code is in the image?</b>
       %DOSL7.captcha.solution%
       <br>
       %DOSL7.captcha.submit%
       <br>
       <br>
       Your support ID is: %DOSL7.captcha.support_id% 

12. Click Record Traffic to configure settings for the recording of traffic (by performing a TCP dump) when a DoS attack is underway, to diagnose the attack vectors and attackers, observe whether and how it was mitigated, and draw conclusions for changing the DoS profile configuration.

    You can record traffic and collect the TCP dump files into the QuickView file so that F5 Support can use it for solving customer cases. The files have a pcap extension and are located in this path on the BIG-IP device: /shared/dosl7/tcpdumps.

    Property	Description
    Record Traffic During Attacks	Controls whether traffic recording is used. The default is disabled and causes other properties to be hidden. Note that the system records SSL traffic encrypted. Select Enabled to specify that the system record traffic when a DoS attack is underway, and display settings.
    Maximum TCP Dump Duration	Specifies the maximum time, in seconds, for one dump cycle. Legal values are between 1 and 300. The default is 30 seconds.
    Maximum TCP Dump Size	Specifies the maximum size, in MB, for a dump cycle. Legal values are between 1 and 50. The default is 10 MB.
    TCP Dump Repetition	Specifies whether the system performs one dump, or multiple dumps, for each DoS attack.

13. Save your work.

The settings are incorporated into the DoS profile.

Configure for protocol DNS security

You can configure the conditions under which the system determines that your DNS server is under a DoS attack.

1. Click Configuration > SECURITY > Shared Security > DoS Protection > DoS Profiles.

2. In the DoS Profiles screen, click the profile name you want to configure.

3. On the left, click Protocol DNS Security to display the Properties screen.

4. On the Properties screen, select the Enabled check box for Protocol DNS Protection.

5. To enable Protocol Errors Attack Detection, select the Enabled check box.

   This setting is ignored when deploying to BIG-IP devices with version 13.0 or later. When the configuration with this setting is changed and then evaluated, the setting will show as a difference until the configuration is re-imported from the BIG-IP device.

6. Specify the adjustable settings as necessary for your configuration.

   The system saves settings as you enter them.

   1. In the Rate increased by setting, specify that the system considers traffic to be an attack if the rate of requests increases above this number.

      By default, the system calculates this number every hour, and updates it every minute. The default is 500 percent.

   2. In the Rate threshold setting, specify the number of packets per second that must be exceeded to indicate to the system that there is an attack.

      The default is 250,000 packets per second.

   3. In the Rate limit setting, specify the limit in packets per second.

      The default is 2,500,000 packets per second.

7. In the Enforcement setting in the Dynamic Signatures area, select the enforcement state for dynamic signatures. This setting is only available for BIG-IP devices version 13.1 or later.

   • To enable enforcement of dynamic DoS vectors, select Enabled. When enforcement is enabled, all thresholds and threshold actions are applied. Enabling enforcement causes additional options to be displayed.
   • To apply no action or thresholds to dynamic vectors, select Disabled.
   • To track dynamic vector statistics, without enforcing any thresholds or limits, select Learn-Only.

8. In the Mitigation Sensitivity setting in the Dynamic Signatures area, specify the mitigation sensitivity for dynamic signatures (None, Low, Medium, or High).

9. At the bottom of the screen, review the list of known attack types and their current settings in the summary table.

   • Threshold Mode specifies how thresholds are set for this vector.
     • Fully Automatic indicates that automatic thresholds are used to mitigate DDoS attacks based on server stress.
     • Manual Detection/Auto Mitigation indicates that you set thresholds manually. However, the system also automatically examines server stress, and mitigates the attack vector if the server is stressed.
     • Fully Manual indicates that you configure parameters for DoS vector detection and rate limiting manually. The system mitigates the attack vector based on the threshold values you set.
   • Detection Threshold EPS specifies how many packets per second the system must discover in traffic in order to detect this attack.
   • Detection Threshold Percent specifies the threshold percent the system must discover in traffic in order to detect this attack.
   • Mitigation Threshold EPS specifies the maximum number of this type of packet per second the system allows for a vector. The system drops packets once the traffic level exceeds the rate limit.
   • Bad Actor Detection specifies that Bad Actor detection is enabled. This appears only for non-error packets and non sweep/flood packets. Bad actor detection allows automatic detection, logging, and rate limiting of specific IP addresses that appear to be the source of an attack, based on criteria you configure.
   • Add Source Address to Category specifies that the source IP address be added to the blacklist category assigned to the DoS vector.

10. Customize attack types individually, as needed:

    1. Click the name of the attack type to open the properties screen for it.

    2. On the attack type properties screen, select the State for how to enforce protection for the attack type.

       • Mitigate indicates watch, learn, alert, and mitigate protection is used.
       • Detect Only indicates watch, learn, and alert protection is used.
       • Learn Only indicates that stats should be collected with no mitigation.
       • Disabled indicates that there should be no stat collection and no mitigation. Selecting a state determines which detection settings are displayed.

    3. Supply values for the properties displayed to configure the protection for the attack type.

    4. Click OK.

    Refer to the BIG-IP® system documentation, BIG-IP® Systems: DoS Protection and Protocol Firewall Implementations, for information on each attack type.

11. Save your work.

Configure for protocol SIP security

Your virtual server must include a SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) profile to configure protocol SIP security in the DoS profile.

You can configure the conditions under which the system determines that your server, running SIP, is under a DoS attack.

1. Click Configuration > SECURITY > Shared Security > DoS Protection > DoS Profiles.

2. In the DoS Profiles screen, click the profile name you want to configure.

3. On the left, click Protocol SIP Security to display the Protocol SIP Security Properties screen.

4. On the Properties screen, select the Enabled check box for Protocol SIP Protection.

   The screen displays additional properties.

5. To enable Protocol Errors Attack Detection, select the Enabled check box.

   This setting is ignored when deploying to BIG-IP devices with version 13.0 or later. When the configuration with this setting is changed and then evaluated, the setting will show as a difference until the configuration is re-imported from the BIG-IP device.

6. Specify the adjustable settings as necessary for your configuration.

   The system saves settings as you enter them.

   Setting	Description
   Rate increased by	Specifies that the system considers traffic to be an attack if the rate of requests increases greater than this number. The system calculates this number, by default, every hour and updates it every minute. The default setting is 500 percent.
   Rate threshold	Specifies the number of packets per second that must be exceeded in order to indicate to the system that there is an attack. The default setting is 250,000 packets per second.
   Rate limit	Specifies the limit in packets per second. The default setting is 2,500,000 packets per second.

7. At the bottom of the screen, review the list of known attack types and their current settings in the summary table.

   • Threshold Mode specifies how thresholds are set for this vector.
     • Fully Automatic indicates that automatic thresholds are used to mitigate DDoS attacks based on server stress.
     • Manual Detection/Auto Mitigation indicates that you set thresholds manually. However, the system also automatically examines server stress, and mitigates the attack vector if the server is stressed.
     • Fully Manual indicates that you configure parameters for DoS vector detection and rate limiting manually. The system mitigates the attack vector based on the threshold values you set.
   • Detection Threshold EPS specifies how many packets per second the system must discover in traffic in order to detect this attack.
   • Detection Threshold Percent specifies the threshold percent the system must discover in traffic in order to detect this attack.
   • Mitigation Threshold EPS specifies the maximum number of this type of packet per second the system allows for a vector. The system drops packets once the traffic level exceeds the rate limit.
   • Bad Actor Detection specifies that Bad Actor detection is enabled. This appears only for non-error packets and non sweep/flood packets. Bad actor detection allows automatic detection, logging, and rate limiting of specific IP addresses that appear to be the source of an attack, based on criteria you configure.
   • Add Source Address to Category specifies that the source IP address be added to the blacklist category assigned to the DoS vector.

8. Customize attack types individually, as needed:

   1. Click the name of the attack type to open the properties screen for it.

   2. On the attack type properties screen, select the State for how to enforce protection for the attack type.

      • Mitigate indicates watch, learn, alert, and mitigate protection is used.
      • Detect Only indicates watch, learn, and alert protection is used.
      • Learn Only indicates that stats should be collected with no mitigation.
      • Disabled indicates that there should be no stat collection and no mitigation. Selecting a state determines which detection settings are displayed.

   3. Supply values for the properties displayed to configure the protection for the attack type.

   4. Click OK.

   Refer to the BIG-IP® system documentation, BIG-IP® Systems: DoS Protection and Protocol Firewall Implementations, for information on each attack type.

9. Save your work.

Configure for network security

You can configure the conditions under which the system determines that your server is under a network DoS attack.

1. Click Configuration > SECURITY > Shared Security > DoS Protection > DoS Profiles.

2. In the DoS Profiles screen, click the profile name you want to configure.

3. On the left, click Network Security to display the Properties screen.

4. On the Properties screen, select the check box for Network Protection.

   The screen displays an area for configuring dynamic signatures, and a list of commonly-known network attack types that the system can detect.

5. In the Enforcement setting, select the enforcement state for dynamic signatures.

   This setting is available only for BIG-IP devices version 13.0 or later.

   • To enable enforcement of dynamic DoS vectors, select Enabled. When enforcement is enabled, all thresholds and threshold actions are applied. Enabling enforcement causes additional options to be displayed.
   • To apply no action or thresholds to dynamic vectors, select Disabled.
   • To track dynamic vector statistics, without enforcing any thresholds or limits, select Learn-Only.

6. In the Mitigation Sensitivity setting, specify the mitigation sensitivity for dynamic signatures (None, Low, Medium, or High).

7. In the Redirection/Scrubbing setting, specify whether to enable redirection and scrubbing of IP addresses identified by dynamic vectors.

   This enables handling of the dynamic vector hits by an IP intelligence category. Enabling redirection and scrubbing causes additional options to be displayed.

8. In the Scrubbing Category setting, select the IP intelligence blacklist category to which scrubbed IP addresses are sent.

9. In the Scrubbing Advertisement Time setting, type the duration in seconds for which an IP address is added to the blacklist category.

10. At the bottom of the screen, review the Known Attack Types list that shows commonly known attack types that you want the system to detect in packets.

11. Review the list of known attack types and their current settings in the summary table.

    • Threshold Mode specifies how thresholds are set for this vector.
      • Fully Automatic indicates that automatic thresholds are used to mitigate DDoS attacks based on server stress.
      • Manual Detection/Auto Mitigation indicates that you set thresholds manually. However, the system also automatically examines server stress, and mitigates the attack vector if the server is stressed.
      • Fully Manual indicates that you configure parameters for DoS vector detection and rate limiting manually. The system mitigates the attack vector based on the threshold values you set.
    • Detection Threshold EPS specifies how many packets per second the system must discover in traffic in order to detect this attack.
    • Detection Threshold Percent specifies the threshold percent the system must discover in traffic in order to detect this attack.
    • Mitigation Threshold EPS specifies the maximum number of this type of packet per second the system allows for a vector. The system drops packets once the traffic level exceeds the rate limit.
    • Bad Actor Detection specifies that Bad Actor detection is enabled. This appears only for non-error packets and non sweep/flood packets. Bad actor detection allows automatic detection, logging, and rate limiting of specific IP addresses that appear to be the source of an attack, based on criteria you configure.
    • Add Source Address to Category specifies that the source IP address be added to the blacklist category assigned to the DoS vector.

12. Customize attack types individually, as needed:

    1. Click the name of the attack type to open the properties screen for it.

    2. On the attack type properties screen, select the State for how to enforce protection for the attack type.

       • Mitigate indicates watch, learn, alert, and mitigate protection is used.
       • Detect Only indicates watch, learn, and alert protection is used.
       • Learn Only indicates that stats should be collected with no mitigation.
       • Disabled indicates that there should be no stat collection and no mitigation. Selecting a state determines which detection settings are displayed.

    3. Supply values for the properties displayed to configure the protection for the attack type.

    4. Click OK.

    Refer to the BIG-IP® system documentation, BIG-IP® Systems: DoS Protection and Protocol Firewall Implementations, for information on each attack type.

13. Save your work.

Edit DoS profiles

You can edit DoS profiles to fine tune what the system considers to be a DoS attack, and how the system handles a DoS attack.

1. Click Configuration > SECURITY > Shared Security > DoS Protection > DoS Profiles.

2. In the DoS Profiles screen, click the name of the profile to modify.

   This locks the profile for editing and opens the properties screen.

   For details, consult these topics:

   • Configure for application security
   • Configure for protocol DNS security
   • Configure for protocol SIP security
   • Configure for network security

3. Make edits as needed for your configuration.

   The system saves edits as you make them.