Applies To:
Show VersionsBIG-IP ASM
- 13.1.5, 13.1.4, 13.1.3, 13.1.1, 13.1.0
About cross-domain request enforcement
Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) is an HTML5 feature that enables one website to access the resources of another website using JavaScript within the browser. On occasion, your web application might need to share resources with another external website that is hosted on a different domain. Using Application Security Manager™, you can safely allow CORS by specifying the conditions that state when a foreign web application is allowed to access your web application, after making a cross-domain request. This feature is called cross-domain request enforcement.
You enable cross-domain request enforcement as part of the Allowed HTTP or WebSocket URL properties within a security policy. Then you can specify which domains can access the response generated by requesting this URL (the “resource”). For HTTP URLs, you can also configure how to overwrite CORS response headers that are returned by the web server.
This feature does not affect internal redirection, which is always allowed. For example, Location: /anotherpage/onthisserver/internal_redirect.php would be allowed even if cross-domain request enforcement is enabled on the system.
Setting up cross-domain request enforcement
ASM extracts the Origin (domain) of the request from the Origin header. If the Origin header is missing or has more than one occurrence, ASM issues an Illegal cross-origin request violation if it is set to alarm or block. If the violation is set to block in the URL section of the Learning and Blocking Settings (and the Enforcement Mode of the security policy is set to blocking), the system blocks the request.
If a request comes from a domain that does not belong to the application and is not specified in the list of allowed origins, the system also issues an Illegal cross-origin request violation. If the violation is set to block (and the Enforcement Mode is set to blocking), the request is blocked.
Replacing CORS headers in requests
CORS headers are enforced by all popular browsers. The browser reads the allowed origins from the Access-Control-Allowed-Origin headers in the response. If the subsequent request from that page does not match any of the allowed origins, the browser will not place the request. In many situations, the servers do not populate those headers properly, so you can have ASM™ replace the CORS headers.
If you want ASM to replace CORS headers when enforcing HTML5 cross-domain requests, you can update an existing HTTP URL. This task does not apply to WebSocket URLs, only HTTP URLs.If this request is authorized by the web server, the browser allows the foreign domain to send its original request. If the request from that page does not match any of the allowed origins, the browser declines the request.
How cross-domain request enforcement works
If you enable cross-domain request enforcement, the system must authorize requests (typically AJAX requests) made from one domain to another. When a client makes a request to another origin, the browser sends a preflight request to determine whether JavaScript from another domain may access your resource.
When processing a modification request, the browser sends a preflight request if it has no previously cached allowed origins (that is, this is the first time the browser goes to the foreign domain for such requests). The preflight request uses an OPTIONS HTTP method and CORS-related headers to check whether the server authorizes that origin.
The CORS-related headers that are included in a preflight request are:
Header | Description |
---|---|
Origin | Determines requesting origin. |
Access-Control-Request-Method | Indicates which methods are used in the actual request (other than simple methods). |
Access-Control-Request-Headers | Indicates which headers are used in the actual request (other than simple headers). |
In response to the preflight request, the system uses these CORS response headers:
Header | Description |
---|---|
Access-Control-Allow-Origin | List of origins the resource may be shared among (support wildcard). |
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials | Indicates whether actual request may include user credentials (true/false). |
Access-Control-Allow-Methods | Indicates which methods can be used during the actual request. |
Access-Control-Allow-Headers | Indicates which request headers can be used during the actual request. |
Access-Control-Max-Age | Indicates how long (in seconds) to cache the results of a preflight request in the browser. |
Access-Control-Expose-Headers | Indicates which response headers are safe to expose to JavaScript. |
The browser uses the response to determine whether to allow the JavaScript to make the actual request. If the cross-domain request is authorized, the server processes the actual requests by rechecking the origin and including another response header:
Header | Description |
---|---|
Access-Control-Expose-Headers | Indicates which response headers are safe to expose to JavaScript. |
The browser then allows the foreign domain to send its original requests.
If you do not enable cross-domain request enforcement, the system removes all cross-origin request headers and CORS is not allowed for the URL.
If you select Enforce on ASM as the CORS Enforcement Mode, ASM™ permits access according to the allowed origins. So, when using this option, there is no need for a preflight request because ASM itself checks the origin. Unlike using the Replace CORS headers setting, ASM, not the browser, does the enforcement.